REVISED: 4/20/09
Martin, Martin-WillardSEE Wright-Martin
Martin #1, Note church window in his first 'factory' (National Archives) 1909-10 = 1pOhwM; POP: 2 or 3 tractors for experiments with triangular and hexagonal fuselage cross-sections. They proved unsuccessful, and Martin settled on biplanes. 1911 Martin, perhaps (see note) (Dan Shumaker coll) 1911 = 1pOBF; pusher. Set records in a Newport Beach-Catalina Island flight on 5/10/12. NOTE: The plane pictured looks almost like a Martin-Curtiss blend, and the year is a guess on our part, but it might be a land version or a second copy of of the Catalina ship, or even a Martin-hyphenate built for someone. With so many undocumented "one-offs" produced by Curtiss, Martin, and the Wrights in the early 'teens, and lacking substantive Martin references as we do, this one needs to be validated. Martin (Douglas Co) Martin (USN Aviation Museum) 1916 = The top photo came in a Douglas press packet some time ago, captioned only as "First Douglas plane, 1922." More a throwback to the early teens, it couldn't be a Douglas plane at that date, so we assumed reference was to the people, and the closest to looking like Donald Douglas was that young pilot. This is a Martin landplane, possibly later known as Martin R. Glenn Martin used a seaplane version of the aircraft to make a record flight to Catalina Island on 5/10/12. There is a picture of the aircraft in Martin Aircraft 1909-1960 (Briehan, Piet, Mason 1995). I agree that the lad in the center of the picture is Don Douglas, but he wasn't hired by Martin until 1915, then only designed one aircraft for them, Model S, before leaving in Nov 1916 to accept a position as chief civilian aeronautical engineer for the Army Signal Corps. ( Carl Stidsen 7/11/01) Ed Bertschy found the answer at the USN Naval Aviation web site: It tells how a Martin Landplane, vintage 1912-13, was donated to the Aeronautic Section of the Califonia Naval Militia in March 1916 by Glenn L Martin, which explains the uniforms and a young Donald Douglas at the controls. In the second photo, a crew prepares the Martin for flight from the rustic landscape of North Island in San Diego Harbor. The Navy man in white is unidentified but appears in both photos. Organized in February 1916, the Naval Militia accepted the $7,500 airplane from Martin. Other Naval state Militias were quick to get in the aviation game, many established aeronautic detachments, and aircraft manufacturers were only too willing to give them their starts. Martin 66 66 Night Mail Plane 1923 = 1pOB; 200hp Wright-Hisso E-4; span: 42'0" length: 28'0" v: 106/x/38. POP: 3. Martin 67 67, R-67 19?? = 2pOB; Wright J-4. I-strutted trainer. 70 Commercial 1924 = 1-2pOB; 200hp Wright-Hisso E-4; span: 38'0" length: 27'0" load: 1400# v: 112/x/45 range: 550. For Post Office evaluation as mail plane. POP: 2 for the 1925 Ford Air Tour; perhaps more were built. 123 = Prototype model for B-10. 139 1938 = Export version of B-10. Model 139WH-2 Martin 145-A (USAAC) 145-A - Design project with four Allison V-1710 inlines buried within the wings. A bizarre 173' span twin-boom "flying wing" variant of the design had the engines mounted as two pushers and two tractors plus two P&W radial pushers added for good measure. Design studies were bought by USAAC and assigned the official designation of XB-16, but were shelved in favor of Boeing's XB-15. 146 1935 = Enlarged B-10 with two Wright R-1820; span: 75'0" length: 50'0" load: 5057# v: 234/170/x range: 1237. Widened fuselage, first large airplane to use Fowler flaps. POP: 1 for Wright Field testing [X15550], plus exports of B-10B. Licensed production in 1936 to Fokker Netherlands was never implemented , and was replaced by an order for Model 139WH to use in the East Indies. Martin 156-C [NX19167] (Martin Co) 156-C Clipper 1938 (ATC 2-537) = 50-55pChwMFb; four 850hp Wright Cyclone; span: 157'0" length: 92'3" load: 31,708# v: 182/140/70 range: 3290. POP: 1 [NX19167], sold to Russia. Martin 162-A [NX19168] (magazine clip) 162-A 1937 = 1pChwMFb; one 120hp Martin (Chevrolet) 333 belt-driving two propellers on the wings. 1/4-scale prototype of USN XPBM-1 Mariner for use in wind-tunnel and other testing. POP: 1, which flew successfully [NX19168]. Donated to Smithsonian Institution, it gathered dust there until a recent restoration by volunteers; transferred to Baltimore Museum of Industry for display. Martin 166 (Martin via John K Lewis) 166 1938 = Export version of B-10. Martin 167 (clip: Flight) 167 1939 = 3pClwM rg; 1050hp P&W R-1830; data similar to A-22 but load: 4711# range: 1300. POP exports: 115 to France; 75 to RAF with 900hp R-1830SC as Maryland I; 150 to RAF with 1000hp R-1830S as Maryland II in 1941. 167-A3 1939 = 3pClwM rg; two 1200hp P&W Twin Wasp S3; span: 61'4" length: 46'8" v: 278/232/x; ff: 3/14/39. POP: 1 for military bomber evaluation [NX22076], failed to arouse interest in Army and was sold to French Navy. Martin 187 as Baltimore II (Martin) Martin 187 as Baltimore IV (USAF Museum) 187 1941 = Similar to 167 but 4p with deeper fuselage and 1600hp Wright GR-2600; span: 61'4" length: 48'6" load: 6601# v: 302/230/x range: 950-1080 ceiling: 24,000'; ff: 6/14/41. Exports only. POP: 50 to RAF as Baltimore I, 100 as Baltimore II, 250 as Baltimore III with Boulton-Paul power turret, 281 as Baltimore IV with Martin power turret, 894 as Baltimore V with 1700hp R-2600 (load: 6747# range: 980) in 1942. Appears on USAAF records as A-23, but none was produced as such. Martin 2-0-2 [N93045] (William T Larkins) 2-O-2 1946 (ATC 795) = 35-43pClwM rg; two 1700hp P&W Double Wasp; span: 93'3" length: 71'4" load: 14,814# v: 306/286/83 range: 1500; ff: 11/22/46. POP: 31. 2-O-2A 1948 (ATC 795) = 2-O-2 with 1800hp R-2800 and added load and fuel capacities. POP: 12 for TWA. 3-O-3 1947 = 36-40pClwM rg; two 2100hp P&W Double Wasp. POP: 1 [N93162] converted from 2-O-2. Martin 4-0-4 (K O Eckland) Martin 4-0-4 (TWA) 4-O-4 1952 (TC 1A7) = 40pClwM; two 2400hp P&W R-2800; span: 93'3" length: 74'7" load: 11,592# v: 312/280/81 range: 1080 ceiling: 29,000'. POP: 103, of which two to USCG as RM-1. A-15 - YB-10 conversion as attack bomber concelled. Martin XA-22 [NX22076] (Martin) A-22 1939 = 167 with 4pClwM rg; two 1200hp P&W R-1830-SC3G; span: 61'4" length: 46'8" load: 4830# v: 280/260/x range: 750-1200 ceiling: 29,500'; ff: 3/14/39. POP: 1 to Wright Field for tests as XA-22 [NX22076=40-706]. A-23, -30A 1941 = Although appearing on USAAF records as such, only Lend-Lease exports were produced as Model 187; however, one of those A-30s did end up as USN [09804]. A-26 SEE B-26. A-30 SEE A-23. A-45 SEE B-57. Aerial Freighter (Cleveland) 1919 = No data. AM SEE BTM. AT-23, TB-26 - B-26B and -26C reassigned as trainer and target tug. AT-23A 1941 = POP: 205, later redesignated TB-26B [42-43358/43359, -43362/43458, -95629/95737]. B-10 crew suit-up First expedition to Mars? (USAAC) B-10 (Model 139) - 4pCmwM rg; two 730hp Wright R-1820; span: 70'6" length: 44'9" load: 4920# v: 200/193/85 range: 590-1240 ceiling: 24,200' (data for B-10B). $50,840. Won 1932 Collier trophy. Developed from factory Model 123, it was faster than any military pursuit at the time; featured internal bomb stowage and the first gun turret. Flown by the Chinese AF, in Feb 1938 they were the first US-made airplanes to bomb the Japanese mainland. Martin XB-907 [33-139] (Library of Congress) B-12 - B-10 with two 700hp R-1690; span: 70'6" length: 45'3" load: 5096# v: 212/170/x range: 525 ceiling: 26,600'. Martin YB-12 (Clark Scott) B-13 1932 - B-10 project cancelled. Martin XB-14 [33-162] (USAF Museum) B-14 1933 = YB-10 refitted with two 950hp P&W YR-1830 Twin Wasp; load: 5093# v: 223/190/73 range: 1210. POP: 1 as XB-14 [33-162]. B-16 - Six-engine "monsterbomber" design project, never built; see 145-A. B-26 Marauder - 7pCmwM rg; two 1850hp P&W R-2800; span: 65'0" length: 56'0" load: 10,625# v: 315/265/103 range: 1000 ceiling: 25,000' (data for B-26). Peyton M Magruder, as Model 179; ff: 11/25/40 (p: William K Ebel). In June 1942, B-26Bs attacked Japanese warships at Midway with external torpedoes, the only time a USAAF plane was ever employed in this role. USN version JM. B-26 1940 = POP: 201 [40-1361/1561]. B-27 - Planned high-altitude version of B-26 with a pressurized cockpit. Two Pratt & Whitney turbosupercharged R-2800-9s. Project cancelled and none was built. B-33 - Projected expanded version of B-26 with four 1800hp Wright R-2600-15s. Contract for 2 prototypes as XB-33A and 400 production models cancelled 11/25/42 so Martin (Omaha) could focus on contract B-29 orders. Martin XB-48 (Martin) B-48 1947 = 3pCmwM rg; six Allison J35-A; span: 108'4" length: 85'8" load: 44,340# v: 552/347/x range: 2400 ceiling: 43,000'; ff: 6/14/47. POP: 2 [45-59585/59586]. Engines in underwing nacelles. Inline landing gear with wingtip outrigger wheels as tested on XB-26H. Martin XB-51 [46-685] (John K Lewis coll) Martin XB-51 [46-686] B-51, A-45 1949 = Medium attack bomber. 2pCmwM rg; three 5820# GE J47-GE; span: 55'0" length: 80'0" v: 645 range: 1613 ceiling: 45,000'; ff: 10/28/49. Variable-incidence wing, T-tail. One engine in the tail and two forward under the fuselage. Initially contracted as four turboprop/jet A-45, then reclassified as a bomber during development (Model 234). POP: 2 as XB-51 [46-685/686]. B-57 Canberra - License-built version of British EEC Canberra. 2pCmwM rg; two 7200# Wright J65-W (Armstrong-Siddeley Sapphire); span: 64'0" length: 65'6" v: 582 range: 2300 ceiling: 48,000'; ff: 7/20/53. Unique rotary bomb bay. Martin B-57A [52-1418] (USAF Museum) BM - Scout-torpedo bomber. 2pOB; 600hp P&W R-1690; span: 41'0" length: 28'4" load: 3624# v: 150 range: 477 ceiling: 14,900'. A most handsome ship with its panted wheels. SEE 1929 prototype XT5M-1. Martin XBM-1 [9212] (NASA) BTM, AM Mauler - 1pClwM rg; 3000hp P&W XR-4360-4; span: 50'0" length: 41'2" load: 4704# v: 335/189/88 range: 1800 ceiling: 27,000'. Redesignated as AM in 1946 with R-3350. Carried a record 10,689# ordnance load, including three torpedoes and twelve 250# bombs! Martin XBTM-1 [85162] (Martin) Martin GMB (Roy Sanders (USN) via Robert Sanders coll) Martin GMP/T-1 [AS62951] Martin GMP [AS62951] (George Dettling coll via Rob Osborne) GMB, GMC, GMP, GMT, T-1 1919 = Variation of MB-1. POP: 10 as GMB [AS39055/39063, AS62948*]with one fitted with a 37mm cannon in front cockpit, and 1 each as GMC [AS62950], GMT [AS62949], and GMP [AS62951] modified into a 10p cabin plane with glassed-in seating as the "Glenn Martin Passenger" transport, redesignated T-1 as a short-lived "Transport" designation 1920-23. (*A conflict in records as [AS62948] was also assigned to a DH-4M.) Martin Great Lakes Tourer (Martin) Great Lakes Tourer aka Aero Yacht (Cleveland) 1913 = 4pOBF; 80hp Curtiss. POP: 1, for entry in the Great Lakes Reliability Cruise on July 4, 1913. Hydroaeroplane (Los Angeles) 1913 = 2pOBF; 90hp Curtiss or 80hp Gnôme. $5,500. JM - USAAF B-26C transferred to USN as trainer and target tug with similar data. Martin JM-1 (USN) Martin Mars in construction (unknown personal album) JRM Mars - 4pChwFb; four 2300hp Wright R-3350; span 200'0" length: 120'0" v: x/190/92. Modified single-tail version of XPB2M. Martin JRM-1 Hawaii Mars #2 [76823] K-3 Scout 1919 = 1pOB; 40hp ABC Gnat; span: 26'0" load: 220# v: 135. Martin's contribution to the post-war lightplane audience. LB-4 - All-metal bomber project cancelled, but s/n [27-332] assigned. Martin M-130 (PAA) Martin M-130 (Clyde Sunderland) M-130 Clipper 1935 (ATC 585) = 29pChwMFb; four 800hp P&W Twin Wasp; span: 130'0" length: 90'11" load: 22,784-26,389# v: 180/157/65 range: 3200. $430,000. First of the transpacific PAA Clippers. POP: 3, of which 2 impressed by USN [48230/48231], but never given military formal designations. SEE The PAA Flying Clippers. M2O 1923 = 3pOBF; 350hp Curtiss D-12; span: 43'6" length: 31'10" v: 105. W-truss struts. POP: 3 as M2O-1. Martin MB-1 [AS64308] Martin MB-1 [AS64308] (Wright Field) MB-1 (GMB) 1918 = 3pOB; two 400hp Liberty 12; span: 71'5" length: 44'10" (?>46'6") load: 3523# v: 105/92/54 range: 390-490 ceiling: 10,300'; ff: 8/15 (?>17)/18. Donald Douglas. Quad gear, twin tails. Served also as photo-recon and mail plane [AS64308]. A successful first design by young engineer Douglas. Martin MB-2 (USAAF) Martin NBS-1 [AS64195] (John K Lewis coll) Martin MB-2 Cockpit (USAF Museum) MB-2, NBS-1 1920 = Unrelated to earlier Thomas-Morse MB-2. 5p upgraded MB-1 with two 420hp Liberty 12A; span: 74'2" length: 42'8" load: 4795# v: 99/91/60 range: 400-560 ceiling: 8,500'. Two-wheel landing gear, larger wings; the first one tested on 9/3/20 with GE superchargers to attain 25,241' altitude. Redesignated as NBS-1 for "Night Bomber, Short-range." POP: 20 [AS64195/64214] with McCook Field project numbers for [AS64195] P-162, [AS64196] P-227, [AS64201] P-222. On a second order, because of lower bids than Martin's $23,485 per plane, contracts were awarded by the government instead to Aeromarine for 25 [22-201/225], Curtiss for 50 [AS68478/68527], and L-W-F for 35 [AS68437/68471]. Original NBS-1s were historical as the planes used to sink the German battleship Ostfriesland in Genl Billy Mitchell's dramatic 1921 bombing demonstration. Martin MBT [A-5711] (USN via W T Larkins coll) MBT, MT 1921 = Redesign of MB-1 as a torpedo plane, redesignated MT; span: 74'2" length: 43'8" v: 101 ceiling: 8,500'. POP: 2 [A5711/A5712] as MBT and 8 as MT [A5713/5720], of which [A5712] and [A5714] to USN, the rest to USMC. M2O-1 1924 = 3pOB; 350hp Curtiss D-12; span: 43'6" length: 31'10" v: 104 ceiling: 11,750'. POP: 3 [A6452/6454]. Also built by NAF as NO-1. Martin MO-1 [A-6634] (USN via W T Larkins coll) MO 1924 = 3pOhwMF; 350hp Curtiss D-12; span: 53'1" length: 38'1" v: 105. Junkers influence apparent in thick, heavy metal wing. Sea or land version. POP: 36 as MO-1 [A6455/6460, A6633/6662]. Martin MS-1 [A-6521] (USN) MS 1923 = USN submarine-based scout, design duplicate of Cox-Klemin XS-1. 1pOBF; 60hp Lawrance L-4; span: 18'0" length: 18'1" (?>19'3") v: 100 ceiling: 8,500'. Aluminum twin floats, detachable wings for stowage. POP: 6 as MS-1 [A6521/6526]. Martin N2M-1 [A-6800] (USN) N2M 1924 = USN primary trainer. 2pOB; 200hp Wright-Hisso E-4; span: 41'0" length: 27'10" v: 112 ceiling: 19,000'. Design based on 66 Night Mail. POP: 1 as N2M-1 [A6800]. NBL 1922 - Design study only as XNBL-2, none built. (XNBL-1 was the Barling triplane built by Wittemann Co). NBS-1 SEE MB-2. P-5 SEE P5M-2. Martin XP2M-1 [A-8358] (Gene Palmer coll) P2M 1930 = USN patrol bomber. ChwMFb; three 575hp Wright R-1820E; span: 100'0" length: 63'0" load: 7473# v: 143/x/67 range: 532 ceiling: 13,400'. Designed by Consolidated, but contract given to Martin. Wing floats were fuel tanks. Open cockpit canopied in 1931. $119,000; POP: 1 as XP2M-1 [A8358], seen unofficially recorded as XP2M-2 when tested with two engines. P3M - Production version of XP2M-1. ChwMFb with twin tails; two 450hp P&W R-1340C. Martin P3M-1 (USN) P4M Mercator - CmwM rg designed in 1944 as a long-range patrol bomber to replace Consolidated P4Y. Two 2975hp P&W R-4360-4s with two 3825# Allison J33-A-17s mounted behind them. Bomb load: 6 tons. Martin XP4M-1 P5M, P-5 Marlin - Last of the Martin seaplanes. 7pChwMFb with two 2700hp Wright R-3350-26; gull wings. XP5M-1 1948 = Two 2700hp Wright R-3350-26; span: 118'0" length: 88'0" load: 21,000# v: 250/140/76 range: 1036 ceiling: 24,000'; ff: 5/30/48. POP: 1 [98616]. Martin P6M art (Martin) P6M Seamaster - T-tailed attack seaplane. 4pChwMFb; four 13000# Allison J71-A-6 turbojet; span: 100'0" length: 134'0" v: 600+ range: 1500-3000 ceiling: 40,000'; ff: 7/14/55. Engines were mounted above wing to shield them from water spray; drooped wing with integral wingtip floats. Water-tight rotary bomb bay. Project proved too costly and was cancelled in 1959. YP6M-1 1955 = POP: 2 prototypes, both of which broke up during flight tests and crashed [138821/138822]. Martin XPB2M-1 (1940 Air News) Martin XPB2M-1 The "Old Lady" in color (Flying) PB2M Mars 1942 = 11pChwMFb; four 2200hp Wright R-3350-18, each with 3-blade wooden propellers; span: 200'0" length: 117'3" v: 207 range: 4375; ff: 7/3/42. POP: 1 as XPB2M-1 [1520], converted in 1943 to -1R cargo carrier for USN Air Transport Service (NATS) with gun turrets removed; a contract for 20 was cancelled. Much modified, the design appeared in 1945 as JRM. PBM Mariner - Patrol and bomber. ChwMFb; two 1900hp Wright R-2600; span: 118'0" length: 79'10" load: 18,155# v: 196/127/x range: 2240 ceiling: 19,800' (data for PBM-3D). POP numbers do not include exports. Martin XPBM-1 [0796] (TKnL coll) PM - Martin-built NAF PN-1 variant. Martin PM-1 [A-8296] (USN via W T Larkins coll) 1913 Martin Pusher Pusher (Los Angeles) 1913 = 2pOB; 60-100hp Hall-Scott pusher; tricycle gear, twin tail booms. $5,000. Martin R (Aviation Age via Joe Martin) R aka Wright-Martin R 1916 = 2pOB; 125hp Hall-Scott A-5; span: 46'5" length: 27'0" v: 85. Donald W Douglas. Land recon version of earlier S Hydro. POP: 27, which might reflect production of 14 by Wright-Martin in 1916-17, after the merger. Some versions show diagonal end-struts replacing the wire bracing. S Hydro 1915 = Single-float observation. 2pOBF; 125hp Hall-Scott A-5; span: 46'5" length: 29'7" v: 82. Donald W Douglas. Direct development of Model T with engine change, ailerons in the upper wings. POP: 6 [AS56/59, AS94/95]. SC, T2M - 2pOB or OBF; 525hp Wright T-2. Contract production of Curtiss CS with similar data. $20,000. Evolved into T3M series. Martin SC-1 SP-5 SEE P5M-2. Special 1913 = 1pOB; 90hp Gnôme rotary. Built for Lincoln Beachey, who rejected it on grounds that it lacked necessary performance. Its design elements went into Martin-Willard. SV-5 c.1975 = Low-speed trainer modified from X-24A. POP: 3 built, but never flown nor accepted by the military. The designation is a company number, and a tail number of 13552 seen in a photo is fictitiousnone was civil registered. Martin TT [AS37/38] (postcards) Martin TT Pontoon version [AS99] Martin TT with four wing ailerons (Merle Olmsted coll) Martin TT T, TT 1913 = Trainer. 2pOB; 90hp Curtiss OX-2 (also 125hp Hall-Scott A-5 and 135hp Sturtevant); span: 38'8" length: 24'0" load: 400# v: 96/80/45. Charles Willard. Shoulder-harness yoke for interplane aileron control; tricycle gear plus tailskid; optional single float. First batch was delivered without motors so that the Army could fit them with their own motors removed from decommissioned or damaged aircraft. TT was upgrade with various larger motors, such as the Hall-Scott and Sturtevant; later models with wing ailerons. Awarded an Air Service contract as a trainer. POP: 17 to Army as T [AS31/33] and TT [AS37/38, AS50/51, AS54/55, AS96/101, AS330/331], unrecorded civil use. T-1 SEE GMB, MB-1. T2M SEE SC. T3M - 3pOB; 575hp Wright T-3B; span: 56'7" length: 41'9" v: 109 range: 634. Redesigned SC-2/T2M-1. Martin T3M-1 as seaplane T4M, TG - USN torpedo-bomber. 2pOB; 525hp P&W R-1690-24; span: 53'0" length: 35'7" load: 3456# v: 114/x/57 range: 694. Also as Great Lakes TG. XT4M-1 1927 = POP: 1 [A7566], modified from T4M-1. Martin XT5M-1 [A-8051] (USN via Ivan Ringe) T5M 1929 = Prototype for BM-1. POP: 1 as XT5M-1 [A8051]. Martin XT6M-1 [A-8411] (USN) T6M 1930 = $60,000; POP: 1 as XT6M-1 [A8411]. TB-26 SEE AT-23, B-26. TG SEE T4M. Tractor (Dayton) 1912 = 2pOB. Farman ailerons, conventional fuselage. The first airplane in Alaska. TT SEE T. XA-15 - Design study for converted B-10. None was built. Martin X-24A [66-13552] (USAF Museum) Martin X-24B NASA [66-13551] (USAF Museum) X-24, -26 1970 = 1p lifting-body research aircraft; ff (glide): 4/17/69 (p: Maj Jerauld Gentry), ff (power): 3/19/70 (p: Gentry). POP: 1 as X-24A [66-13552], modfied to -24B in 1973 (span: 19'2" length: 37'6 v: 1165) [66-13551]. Max speed and altitudes were 1036mph and 71,400'. 28 flights until 6/4/71, then 36 more as -26B from 8/x/73-11/x/75. Planned X-24C never implemented. X-35 SEE Lockheed-Martin. XB-907 SEE B-10. Martin-Willard (Aviation Heritage coll) -Willard (Los Angeles) 1914 = 1pOB; 80hp Gnôme rotary. Charles Willard. Custom-built for Lincoln Beachey. Proved to be uncontrollable in aerobatics and crashed into the first available treetop.
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